Big Cities or Small Towns Essay Example for Free

Big Cities or Small Towns EssayPeople try to live in cities because all necessary objects are placed nearly. In Brobdingnagian cities you sens find museums, theaters, clubs, cinemas, big shops and hospitals, comfortable modern flats. In big cities you can find all kinds of entertainment. galore(postnominal) people akin to spend their free time there because it helps them to relax and bring them a lot of pleasure. It is really comfortable that everything you need is situated near you.One of the most important comforts of big cites is that you can quickly get everywhere by underground, bus, trolleybus. Also in big cities there is electricity so you can use electrical devices such as TV sets, computers, microwave oven and so on. One more thing, without our life is impossible is the telephone and Internet. The communication plays a big role in our life and we got used to it. Without it we feel uncomfortable and lonely.Yes, it is really comfortable, but nowadays in big cities th ere are a some cars and factories. Big cites suffer of polluted air. The streets became noisy. What about living in the small city. First of all, you are closer to nature and can enjoy more pink of my John and quiet life. Life in the small city is slower and people are more open and friendly. The advantage is that there is less traffic, and it is safer place for children. there are several disadvantages of living in a small town.First of all, there are less job opportunities for people in small towns. Many people in small towns move to large cities and look for jobs. There are not many places such as restaurants and museums, there are solely a few shops and markets in small towns. So, people dont have wide choice when they want to buy new things. Also it is hard to keep your personalized life private in small towns. Everyone wants to know about you and your family.

The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Example for Free

The Picture of Dorian color in Essay1.The Picture of Dorian Gray is the story of a young and beautiful troops named Dorian Gray who is frightened by the fact that he will eventually lose his veracious looks and youth as he ages. Dorian Gray is the subject of a pic by an artist, sweet basil Hallward. sweet basil introduces Dorian Gray to Lord enthalpy Wotton, who slowly begins to gain immenseer influence on Dorian Gray. Lord Henry believes the only things worth pursuing in life are viewer and fulfillment of the senses. Once Dorian realizes that his good looks and youth will eventually fade away he decides to pledge his soul to his painting to ensure that the portraiture will age and bear the burden of his infamy instead of himself.Shortly after doing so Dorian meets an actress named Sibyl Vane. He falls in love with her and they pay off engaged. But Sibyl decides to quit acting because of she believes she cannot pretend to love acting when she loves Dorian so much to a gre ater extent. Once Dorian finds that Sibyl has quit acting he breaks the mesh topology and that night Sibyl hangs herself.After Sibyls death, Dorian begins a life of debauchery. Once rumors begin to spread of his infamous acts Basil comes to Dorian to confront him astir(predicate) the rumors. come in of rage Dorian kills Basil and needs help disposing the body. After the murder Dorian is full of guilt and instead of repenting his sins he takes the knife he use to stab Basil and stabs his picture instead. Dorians servants find Dorians portrait a beautiful picture of a young small-arm and their masters body lying on the floor. Dorians body is an old disfigured man with a knife in his heart.2.The master(prenominal) characters in this story are Dorian Gray, Basil Hallward, and Lord Henry Wotton. Dorian Gray is an incredibly handsome and wealthy young gentleman whom Basil Hallward paints a picture of. Once Dorian meets Lord Henry he finds that his beauty will eventually fade and pled ges his soul to the painting Basil made. He soon begins a life of corruption.Basil Hallward is a painter who is infatuated with Dorians extreme beauty. He is the painter that creates Dorians painting that ages as Dorian doesnt. Basil is also a friend to Lord Henry Wotton.Lord Henry Wotton is a noble witty friend of Basil and later becomes a friend to Dorian as well. He eventually has a huge influence on Dorian and first puts Dorian in the mindset that beauty doesnt last for invariably.3.There are multiples themes in The Picture of Dorian Gray but the most central theme would be physiological beauty and narcissism, and how they lead to self destruction.There are numerous situations of Dorian Gray hinting at narcissism. In the second chapter Dorian murmurs How sad it is I shall set about old, and horrible, and dreadful. But this picture will remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June.If it were only the other way If it were I who was to be always yo ung, and the picture that was to grow old For that for that I would fleet everything Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give I would give my soul for that (pg28) This is when Dorian realized that his youth, his dazzling beauty, will not last forever. Dorian now realizes that he should treasure his youth more than ever. He also realizes would give up everything to save his youthful beauty, even his soul. However, everything has a price to pay.Another example of Dorians narcissism in the book is on page 95 where Dorian blames Sibyl for the reason he ended their engagement. It was the girls fault, not his he had thought her great. Then she had queer him. She had been shallow and unworthy. (pg95) Dorians attitude towards the ending of his relationship with Sibyl shows how overconfident he is in his beauty and because of this overconfidence he loses the woman he loves.The last-place example of how narcissistic attitude leads to destruction is the ending of the stor y. In the end of the story Dorian ends up killing himself because of all the horrible things he had through with(p) in his life. He stabs himself with the knife he used to kill Basil and once he kills himself he turns old and his picture becomes young again.4. Oscar Wildes committal to writing style in The Picture of Dorian Gray uses a great deal of detail and an abundance of witty dialogue. Wilde uses Lord Henry to provoke biliousness with his theories on how life should be lived with only pleasure. More often though Wilde uses description to create the mood, tone, and setting of the story. Wilde describes each setting in the story with great detail making clear what he wants the picture of the setting to look like in ones head. On page 4 Wilde wrote As the painter looked at the gracious and comely form he had so skillfully mirrored in his art, a smile of pleasure passed across his face, and seemed about to linger there.In this description Wilde sets the mood, tone, and setting. He also describes each character with great detail. Lord Henry stroked his pointed brown beard, and tapped the toe of his patent-leather boot with a tasselled ebony cane. (pg11) Wildes descriptions of Lord Henry helps the reader create a better idea of what the characters are like and what they look like.Wilde wise point of view on the story gives insight to each of the character thoughts and reasoning behind their actions. With this point of view the reader can understand Dorians motives behind pledging his soul, breaking his relationship with Sibyl, and ending his life.5.The Picture of Dorian Gray is one of the most intriguing and unique books I have ever read. The storyline of the story is unique itself because I dont believe Ive ever read a book about a man pledging his soul to a painting to preserve his youth. Dorian Grays character is invigorating. His selfishness made me want to both strangle him and continue reading passim the entire story. Lord Henrys wit was striking a nd offensive but also thought provoking. The slight homosexuality between Basil and Dorian was humorous.Not only was the book full of interesting viewpoints on life and rude behavior it was also enlightening. Although Dorian was selfish and wrong for pledging his soul so that he could stay young his thoughts are understandable. The notion that getting older isnt as pleasurable as it may seem to others is an idea that I can relate with but I would never sell my soul for it. This book was well worth the read even though the beginning seemed pleasant of dry to me.

E Governance Research Paper

E G altogether overnance Research PaperE- brass nitty-gritty electronic governance. It is application of tuition Technology in political science functioning in order to have good and smart governance. Smart here refers to Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent. This involves using information and communion technology by government agencies to have transparent dealings with various users. Thereare many a(prenominal) reasons for which e governance is necessary. Some of them are as follows(a) Information qualify with citizens, businesses or other government departments(b) Speedy way of doing work(c) snip and cost saving(d) Efficient delivery of public answer(e) Improving inner controls(f) Increasing r nonetheless(prenominal)ue(g) Re-structuring of administrative processes(h) Providing quality servicesInformation and communications Technology (ICT) has provided means for faster and better communication, quality services, good storage, effective work, bear on of data and exchange and utilization of information to its users. It dos in providing better controls and increasing revenue. All individuals, groups, businesses, organizations or governments are cleared by the advantages of ICT. It is a faster, more accurate and simpler means of word- imp dress and is now being utilize as a tool for tabulating data which finally helps in decision do. With increasing sentiency of using computers and internet many users are benefited and they are motivated to modify their ways of doing things in order to en-cash the advantages provided by ICT.This has led to re-engineering of business processes.The process of re-engineering helps in faster and better processing of information and therefrom a better decision making, greater reach and better utilization of resources .This helps in having overall good governance. In the case of citizens, it provides compound access to information and government agencies, efficient service delivery and transparen cy in dealings and also acts as an information tool to the government.With the increasing awareness among citizens about their rights their expectation has totally changed .Today they expect government agencies to be transparent in their dealings, accountable for its activities and faster in its responses. For this use of ICT helps in achieving good governance. The technologies used helps in achieving a wide range of objectives. There is equitableand faster development with a wider reach. Today Ethics in Governance, with the help of tools of modern technology such(prenominal) as Information and talks Technology (ICT) should be used to transform the relationship of the government with its employees, citizens and businesses, and also between its admit agencies. It has been recognised that e-Governance is the logical meter with the use of ICT in systems of governance in order to ensure wider participation and deeper involvement of citizens, institutions, civil society groups and th e private sector in the decision making process of governance.REQUISITES OF E GOVERNANCEFor effective e governance the foremost requirement is that workplace has to be fully computerized.Computer is the mostImportant requirement for e governance.Computers should be committed so that online work is possible.There has to be some online work electric current procedure. Government employees should be trained so that they potbelly work on the software. The training is required so that they become user friendly with the software. Services should be fully accessible. It also insist in removing the paper based system and making everything computerized to growth the transparency of work and a speedy flow of work is possible.TYPES OF INTERACTIONS IN E GOVERNANCEG2G (Government to Government) In this case, there is interaction within government agencies to emend the talent and overall output. The interaction depose be within a government organisation or between dickens government orga nisations. Information and Communications Technology helps not only to restructure the governmental processes involved in the functioning of government entities but also aids in increasing the flow of information and services within and between antithetic entities. The interactions washstand be either vertical or horizontal. Horizontal i.e. between different government agencies as well as between different functional areas within an organisation and vertical i.e. between national, provincial and local government agencies .There is also interactions between different levels within an organisation. The simple objective of G2G is to increase efficiency, performance and output.May be horizontal or verticalFunctioning of government agenciesIncrease in efficiencyImproved performanceEfficient outputG2C (Government to Citizens) In this case, there is an interaction between government and citizen. A everyday platform is created between the government and citizens which enables the citiz ens to benefit from large range of public services. This provides the availability and accessibility of public services on the one hand and improves the quality of services on the other.Here is a both way communication model in which there are direct interactions between government and citizens involving transparent dealings between the parties. It gives citizens the choice of when to interact with thegovernment (e.g. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week), from where to interact with the government (e.g. service centre, unattended kiosk or from ones home/workplace) and how to interact with the government (e.g. through internet, fax, telephone, email, face-to-face, etc). The primary purpose is to make government, citizen-friendly.Acts as an interface between govt. and consumerExpands accessibility to public servicesMakes the government citizen friendlyEnsure transparent dealingsExamples of G2C TransactionsOnline gainful of billsFiling of FIRLicensing and alterationProcurement and Bidding Tax and fee paymentsCitizen help deskPublic Information networkSearch property assessment determineProperty tax paymentsInformation about political processes and servicesE sevaExemplifies democracyIncreased citizen participationPassport queriesG2B (Government to Business) In this model there is interaction between government agency and business organisations. E-Governance tools are used to help the business community suppliers of goods and services interact with the government. The objective is to cut red tapism, compose time, reduce operational costs, increase revenues and to create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. The G2Binitiatives can be transactional, such as in licensing, permits, procurement and revenue collection. Trade, tourism and investment opportunities can be effectively handled with e governance . These measures help to provide a suitable environment to businesses and thus enable them to perform more efficiently.E governanc e used to aid business communitySaves timeReduces costTransparent transaction dealsIncrease revenueExample1. Payment of taxes by business houses2. Tender applications are transparentIf any business house has applied for a brand name it can also be monitored online and status can easily be cognize.There can be transparent dealings in all tenders and different government works.G2E (Government to Employees) In this model there is an interaction between government organisation and employees. Employees can interact with the government in regular basis. The interaction can even be vertical where the employees can give feedback at the assurance of their name held anonymous. Today through e governance they can also have a look at their TDS and pay roll status. E governance provides them with a common platform to remove their queries and thus giving an effective performance. This interaction is a two-way process between the organisation and the employee. Use of ICT tools helps in making th ese interactions fast and efficient on the one hand and increase satisfaction levels of employees on the other.Facilitate government and employee communicationFast and EfficientIncreases satisfaction of employeesSynergy in work outputRemoval of biasImplementation of e governance in IndiaIndian government has get ton many initiatives in the field of IT for the desired implementation of e governance in India. The plan popularly known as the E governance action plan correctly portrays the long term growth action plan for India. Its made implementation was seen during the period of 2003-2007. It provided twain the citizen centric and the business centric governance all together at the local, deposit and the national level. It was a good kick start an many flaws were seen to that such as suitable system for quickly motivating the states ask to be change, a single window for providing services to the citizens should be enforced, whether and whenever possible outsourcing of service s should be implemented for quicker growth perspectives, more efforts were required to stabilize and increase the public private partnerships, improved connectivity was required. Such flaws were thoroughly noted and improved thereon.Apart from the 2003-2007 action plans, many other plans were successfully implemented. Some wereImplementation of Information Technology Act, 2000 .It helped in providing the legal framework for all the electronic transactions. The act came into force on 17 October, 2000.National Taskforce for Information Technology and Software development was established in the year 1998.Centre for E governance was created for successful linkage of the local, state and he national level and so that efficient help could be made disposable at all ends.e perspective was established so that authorisations , ministries , departments and authorities could be electronically connected.HPC i.e. the High Powered Committee was created with the cabinet secretary made its head f or the successful implementation of e governance.A Joint Secretary level Officer as the IT manager was appointed in every Ministry and division.Websites for all Ministries and Authorities was developed for the wide insurance coverage and availability of E governance.One can surely say that E governance has been successfully implemented in India. A lot more of necessity to be achieved in this respective area. conity of the states are implementing E governance in their working. They are making a collaborative effort in geological fault from the manual working model to the electronic working model. It can be inferred that more of the planned implementation of IT is what the need of the hour.More of powerful, efficient, quicker strategies may be drawn for a powerful implementation of E governance.Success of E governance in IndiaIndia as a country is majorly built on bureaucratic structures which are built in rationale principles and therefore is definitely failing ti cope up with t he present scenario. Therefore a shift from such traditional practices to the complete new electronic world was definitely requires. E governance plays the major role for the implementation of such paradigm shift toward the faculty of E governance which itself holds as one of the major reasons for its success. Now we have single window operations, more simplified procedures, a better office and infix management, less corruption, better job and position handling.The service delivery mechanisms have considerably improved.We need not stand in long queues now, there is less of procedural complexities and the personnel working has considerably improved and has become more transparent. The reason behind such success is the successful implementation of the Information and the Communication Technology. The citizen has become more aware now.He is no longer a puppet in the hands of the government employees and has got a full right to read/write head any kind of discrepancy.E governance is surely a success. A transparent government with a satisfied consumer is what E governance is responsible to produce. E governance in India has definitely given us such results to see which is a step ahead for a developing country exchangeable India.Major E-Governance proposes in India1. Project Vidya Vahini -Project Vidya Vahini is a project started by Government of India in collaboration with Shiksha India, a non profit organization launched in December 2001. Shiksha India was launched to fit Indian schools with 5 Cs1. Computers2. Connectivity3. Coaching (Teacher Training)4. Content5. Commercial sustainability modelsProject Vidya Vahini portal provides the opportunity for schools, teachers and students all across the nation, to express and share their creative and academic potential via the internet. The portal further lays at creating such an environment by providing facilities for Content Development, Content Deployment and collaboration.Further the mission of the project is to spread better program line and uniform quality of education across India to develop the creativity and problem solving skills of the Indians. Shiksha further strives to increase the earning capa city, reduce information arbitrage in folksy India and promote entrepreneurship by providing computer literacy.Shiksha India is also working in partnership with The Ministry of Information Technology in the project Vidya Vahini and Ministry of Human Resources under the CLASS final cause which aims to connect 60.000 schools (approximately 20 meg students) across the country in next five years. close Users/Beneficiaries domain articulate where Implemented Across IndiaWebsite http www.vidyavahini.ernet.in/content/shiksha.htm2. Project Stamps and enrollment Software-Project Stamps and Registration Software is one of its kinds of project started by the Government of Maharashtra. Generally the stamp and registration department of any state is the top revenue earner for any state governmen t. The Stamp Registration software provides efficient government citizen interface, and also enables enhanced revenue earnings for the Stamps and Registration operation.The core of this application consists of the Registration and Valuation module. Other modules are the Networking and Scanning modules that enable exchange of information securely across departments, and electronic copying of the registered documents thereby enabling return of the original document within few minutes of presentation. The stipulated turnaround time is approximately 25 minutes 15 minutes for registration and 10 minutes for scanning the document (Before getting computerized, it used to take many hours and sometimes days). The project after being successfully run for IGR, Maharashtra in Pune sites, is being proposed to be implemented in BOT (Build Operate Transfer) basis with participation from private parties.End Users/Beneficiaries PopulaceState where Implemented Maharashtra3. Project Setu -Project SET U was introduced by the government of MAHARASHTRA to felicitate the very basic need of the people and introduce a single window interaction of redressal of all their grievances. With the help of IT this single window interaction is made faster, convenient.The main objective of this project was to reduce the effort of the common man to obtain various certificates.Prior to implementation of this project, to obtain a certificate common man had to run from pillar to post of various government offices. This resulted in a lot of hardship.The Project Setu not only provided the users a one stop destination for a number of certificates but also a faster and a more transparent response to their problems.In the initial phase, this project was implemented in the big cities, after studying the response, the government is planning to implement this at taluka and subtaluka level.The Integrated Citizen Facilitation Centres (SETU) is to work on the basic ask of the citizens and reorienting our admi nistrative processes accordingly. The aim is to lay the foundation for e-governance, create visible impact of the intention of the Government in this direction, and facilitate the interaction of the citizens with the Government to make it more transparent, pleasant and satisfying. To create foundation for citizen centric e-governance, at district headquarters subsequently at taluka headquarters Single window clearance of 83 fundamental certificates (includes renewal of leases, permits licenses) Quick redressal of public grievances Common registry of letters, petitions for all sections of the office. On line pendency monitoring of all above To provide services after office hours on holidays also in order to save Time, Money Energy of the public.End Users/Beneficiaries PopulaceState where Implemented MaharashtraWebsite http http//setu.maharashtra.gov.in4. Project Fast Transport Department Automated -This project aims to curb the rampant corruption in the traffic department of the state.Project fast was started as a pilot project in 3 main cities namely Secunderabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor.Fast is the short form of Fully Automated Services of Transport aimed at providing a citizen friendly, corruption free and a prompt service related to traffic department like issue of driving license registration of motor vehicles.The objective of FAST is to make the fare department citizen friendly in its functioning and provide SMART services to the public. It is intended to build comprehensive database and provide on-line services to the public concealment various services like Issue of Driving Licenses, Registration of Motor Vehicles, Issue Permits, Collection of Motor Vehicle Taxes, etc.All the RTO department would be linked to each other to felicitate better communication and all the offices in the state would have interconnectivity through APSWAN.The computerization process is planned to take place in two phases. In phase I, Regional Transport offices of Secunde rabad, Vijayawada and Chittoor have been cover on pilot basis. The remaining offices are to be covered in the second phase. However, a less powerful central server is to be located at the office of the Transport Commissioner for the purpose of inter-connectivity between these three RTO offices.End Users/Beneficiaries PopulaceState where Implemented Andhra PradeshWebsite http http www.aptransport.org5. Project Mudra -MUDRA Municipal Corporation towards Digital Revenue administration.This project is intended to help Holding owners, Tax collectors, and officials at headquarter levels and Circle levels. This would help them to get a total picture of tax collector and would help them to make a better future decision.This project is designed to computerize the overall functions of tax collection system of Patna Municipal Corporation.Revenue management is the key to economic stability and development of urban infrastructure to help it to discharge its function properly and cater to the re quirements of economic development.The basic objectives of this software, developed and implemented by NIC Bihar State Unit includes bringing improvement to the quality of service being offered to the citizens and at the same time, it will also become possible for the first time to track all kinds of defaulters on payment of taxes due. This will service the Municipal Corporation in acting quickly and well in time and is expected to have a very positive impact on the total revenue that is currently being collected by the Municipal.End Users/Beneficiaries Officials of Municipal CorporationState where Implemented Bihar6. Project Bhoomi -This project was started by the govt. of Karnataka with an aim of benefiting the rural population of the state. As the name itself i.e. BHOOMI convey that, the project is related to land. This project came into existence because of the difficulty the farmers have to suffer previously for getting a copy Records of Rights, Tenancy and Crops RTC. This doc ument is helpful while procuring bank loan. Delays and bribes were also being asked. But after the enforcement of this project this document can be availed by paying a fee of Rs. 15 only. Under this project the revenue dept. of the state has maintained 20 million records of land owned by 6.7 million farmers by which a computerized copy of RTC is available at the kiosks (BHOOMI CENTERS). This technology is designed by national informatics centre. This project has won silver CAPAM awards 2002 for the in worth(predicate) contribution in uplifting of the rural population in the state.End Users/Beneficiaries Rural PeopleState where Implemented Karnataka7. Project E-Seva (Electronic Seva)This project was launched on twenty-fifth august 2001. This is the improved version the TWINS project launched previously on 1999. Under this project the govt. of Andhra Pradesh has opened around 36 e-seva centres in spread over the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad and Ranga Reddy district, it p rovide around 118 different facilities to the local public from 8.00 am to 8.pm and 9.30am to 3.30 pm on holidays. 70 centres are in operation covering municipalities in 13 districts. It provides services of the likes of payment of utility bills/tax, issue of birth/death certificates, filling of sales tax returns, diff B2C services, and registration of application for passports, etc.These services can be availed at any counter in the centre, others than these some 21 more types of services like railway reservations, TTD services, Bill payments of different cellular co. like AIRTEL,VODAFONE,RELIANCE. Etc. Govt. has also earned a whopping revenue of around 2000 crore (Feb 2003). So it is helping both govt. as well as the public.End Users/Beneficiaries PopulaceState where Implemented Andhra Pradesh8. Project Lok Mitra -This project is also known as INTEGRATED CITIZEN SERVICE CENTRE / E-KIOSKS, ICSC. This is the first project its kind in Rajasthan. It aims at providing certain INFORMATO N TECHNOLOGY services to rural population of the state. The services are like teach the public how to use credit cards for making payments, and others different it related services in a single window. It is a one stop citizen friendly computerized centre located in the heart of the city of Jaipur.The consentaneous mechanism is governed through a computer server which is linked to different departmental servers through dedicated leased line dial-up network with multiple e-counters.End Users/Beneficiaries PopulaceState where Implemented RajasthanWebsitewww.rajasthan.gov.in/it/eg/lokmitra.shtm http//www.lokmitra.gov.in9. Project Dristee- Connecting India village by villageThis project is also known as WORLD AT A behold for the people who have been benefited yet by it. This project provides e-governance and provides facilities related to health, education, market related information, and private related exchange and transactions. Dristee offers its platform to any service provider wh o wishes to market its range of products to rural India by plugging its range of services offered at village level.This provides scope for the rural people to sell their products at the market at highly beneficial prices such that they earn a maximized rate of return. It also provides social benefits like access to education and health care information. It is helping in reducing the migration of people from rural to urban areas.Dristee is presently capable of enabling the creation of approximately 50,000 information kiosks all over India within a bracing of six yrs. These kiosks would be able to serve around 500 million people, with an aggregate discretionary purchasing power of Rs.100 billion in less than two yrs.This communication backbone has been supplemented by a string of rural services for example- avedan, land records, gram daak, gram haat(virtual village market), vaivahiki(matrimonial), shikhyat,etc.this project at exit provides employment to a large section of unemployed population in the village. Around 45000 people have been employed till 2003 under this programme by the kiosks owners.End Users/Beneficiaries Rural and semi-urban peopleState where Implemented Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, OrissaWebsite http//www.drishtee.com10. Project AArakshi -This project is an intranet based system that has been developed andImplemented for Jaipur City Police. This innovative system enables the city police officers to carry out on-line sharing of crime Criminal data bases carry out communication and perform monitoring activities.The Software provides a facility to update Perform queries on database of FIRs. Latest News of criminals Crimes.12 Telephone Directory of Police Officers. Messaging. Instructions of Police Control Room on Real Time basis. Habitual offenders details along with photo gallery. Description of criminals. Missing Persons. Police Personnel. Property Details. Numbered / Unnumbered property. Vehicle theft / Seizure. Cultural Prop erty.End Users/Beneficiaries Jaipur Police OfficialsState where Implemented RajasthanHOW THE NATIONAL CAPITAL DELHI CAN BE BENEFITTED FROM E-GOVERNANCEAs the various projects that have been studied above in the research paper have been implemented in different parts of our country successfully its very much required that such efficiency in implementing the projects should be shown in our national corking i.e. Delhi. Around the time clock , such projects have shown efficiency in the working system of the particular area , laws have been better maintained , efficient property assessments have been procured , reduction in corruption have been noticed , lesser time wastage and a fairer and a transparent government has been achieved. From the above study we can observe that such regulations should be proceeded with the Delhi region as well.Firstly to start with as far as the stamp written document are relate , the common problem that one faces is the unavailability of the required den omination by the buyer. Due to such problems they have to buy higher denomination stamp papers and therefore a common citizen faces trouble. Therefore if such stamps are made available online , e governance would prove helpful and reduce a common citizens problems.Secondly, if e governance is successfully implemented in the delhi region people and the government can come into contact with each other at a single point. Hence no time wastage on a citizens part and no resources wastage on the part of the government would prove advantageous. Commonly a citizen needs to be in contact with the government as regards the issue of birth certificate, death certificate, and other legal documents that a citizen would commonly reqire at his very own disposal. It is the duty of the government to make his citizens available to all such requirements. Therefore, if e governance is successfully implemented in delhi region , such issues can be easily solved.Thirdly, if e governance is successfully imp lemented in Delhi , the long licensing and application procedures can be simplified to a great extent. The procurer can fill the forms and the desired information online with just the authentication procedure to be done physically. This will reduce a lot of problems faced both by the citizen and the government.Fourthly, e governance implementation in Delhi and around the regions can make the payment of taxes , allotment of identities , collection of payments and funds and various other financial transactions very transparent and accurate.Peoples legal issues , transparency , faire government , better access to information , change for the working module of new culture can all be easily maintained. With the successful implementation ICT penetrators , lack of trained human resources and very large geographical distances can be easily resolved.REFRENCES1.Records Of World lingo2.Sites which were ReferredGoogle.com3.Referred Linksit.delhigovt.nic.in/rs1/e-govproject.htmlhimachaldit.gov. in/page/e-Governance-Projects.aspxhttp//books.google.com/books?id=xI12St_xx0MClpg=PP1dq=e-governancepg=PP1v=onepageqf=falsehttp//egovindia.wordpress.com/category/egovernance-projects-around-country/Government of india, Information Technology Actin plan IT for all Indians by 2008 http//it-taskforce.nic.inKochhar Sameer and Gursharan Dhanjal , (2005). E government Report account , Yojna , Vol.49

Translational Heading Control of a Hovering Platform

Translational Heading Control of a Hovering PlatformTranslational Heading Control of a Hovering Platform development Multiple Control system of logicThe main objective of this proposal is to design an spot control system of a nonlinear and unstable system, which is a Hovercraft, a machine that can die on the land or water, and it is supported by seismic disturbance that has high compressed air inside. Attitude control of the ground-effect machine is considered a major quarrel beca make use of of the friction offered by skirt and the air break. The main idea of this project is the development of a wireless controlled ground-effect machine testbed connected to a computer.The proposed control strategy for the attitude stabilization will be based upon Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Fuzzy Logic for the comparison of transient response, steady-state error and input output constraints satisfaction by the user. Thus ensuring if whatsoever disturbances are inflicted o n the hovercraft, the commands will be able to maintain the desire military posture. The reference for the attitude control will be provided from the computer. The magnetometer will footmark the attitude in real-time and masterys will be implemented on myRIO.TABLE OF ContentsDeclarationFinal Year ProjectAc experiencementsAbstractCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Project Framework1.2 Objectives1.3 Scope1.4 Report StructureCHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Recent StudyReferences1.1 Project FrameworkThe hovercraft is a fascinating ground vehicle that possesses the unique ability to float above land or water. Riding on a cushion of air endows the hovercraft with many interesting and useful properties. Unlike wheeled robots, which feature constrained kinematics, the hovercraft can move freely in any focus. For example, although the lateral direction of travel is not usually actuated, the hovercraft is completely free to move sideways. In addition, the Coulomb damping acting on a hovercraft is m inimal.The translational and attitude control perception of a hovercraft can be protracted to many control uses. A hovercraft that can rotate and attains a desired position while being mobile at the akin time is designed and real using motors, H-bridge motor driver, battery, magnetometer and NI myRIO. The controllers are designed using the software NI LabVIEW, which are indeed compiled and burnt on a NI hardware myRIO.The purpose of the control is to estimate the attitude of the political program with the help of sensors. Thus resulting in the use of the attained information from the sensors to make the propellers rotate in the required direction to sustain or alter the position of the hovercraft. An angular position based on the response of the control will be provided to the magnetometer.The response of the control will be transmitted through the cadence Width Modulation (PWM) control, which will either make the dc motors work clockwise or anticlockwise for the translation, a nd attitude control of the hovercraft. These values are then added and returned to the actuator, which requires this for the production a counter torque utilise to decorate the required position of the mobile hovercraft.Fuzzy Logic and PID controllers both will be implemented and apply for this project where a detailed comparison will likewise be performed betwixt the both using NI LabVIEW software and NI myRIO hardware.1.2 ObjectivesThe aim is to develop the proposed controlled strategy for the attitude and translational control of a hovercraft, which will be based upon PID, and Fuzzy Logic set with myRIO that will greenback and compute the comparison of transient response, steady-state error, and input output constraints by the user and other key parameters. All the controllers will be designed in NI LabVIEW and implemented on NI myRIO.Development of a testbed based upon multi-rotor hovercraft.Control of translational and rotational movements through wireless link.Developme nt and testing of PID controller for the attitude control of Hovercraft.Development and testing of Fuzzy controller for the attitude control of Hovercraft.Performance comparison (Transient response, peak time, settling time, steady-state error) of above mentioned controllers.1.3 ScopeThe opportunities for gaining knowledge through this project will bevictimization material available easily for the development of the mobile hovercraft.Translational and heading Control of the hovercraft using NI LabVIEW exploitation a magnetometer for the measurement of the incline a foresightful Z-axis.Understanding the working of translational and heading control and interfacing sensors at the same time.Using NI myRIO as the mainboard of the mobile hovercraft.Implementation of PID ascendence on NI myRIO.Use of PID for the attitude control of the hovercraft.Implementation of Fuzzy Controller on NI myRIO.Use of Fuzzy Controller for the attitude control of the hovercraft.Measuring the Key Parameters ( transient response, steady-state error etc.) of both the controllers.Performing a comparison in the midst of both the balancing controllers.1.4 Report StructureAs a summary, the flow of this report is briefly described belowChapter 1 Introduction that provides the background, objectives and scope of the Project.Chapter 2 Literature review of the recent studies based on this project. Also contains a brief description of the different concepts used.2.1 Recent StudyHovercraft is an air cushion vehicle, ACV, equipped for voyaging over land, water, mud or ice and different surfaces 1. Many control techniques have been used to compromise for issues like computer torque methods 2, developed on the foundation of PID feedback 3 4. Optimal control 5, adaptive control 6, variable structure control (VSC) 7, neural networks (NNs), and fuzzy systems 8 are a fewer of the recommended control techniques. On the other hand, these strategies are only possible when the mechanical dynamic forces of th e hovercraft are well known. A detailed study on the two above mentioned controller techniques i.e. PID and Fuzzy will be carried out for the control of the mobile platform.A hovercraft is not quite the same as other more ordinary, earthbound vehicle in that it requires no surface contact for footing and it can move unreservedly over an mixed bag of surface while bolstered ceaselessly on a self-produced pad of air. Researches have been made to concentrate the outline qualities and working rule of the air cushion vehicle, and utilize standard estimations to decide the lift powers required. The measurements of the air hole created are likewise computed particularly. The push powers required are enormously lessened because of the decrease in frictional strengths 1.A famous inventor named Christopher Cockrell in 1955 devised the idea of hovercraft. It is a new means of transportation. The hovercraft is different from other transportation vehicles in a way that it has no contact with th e ground and it rides on a cushion of air hence known as Air-Cushion-Vehicle (ACV). He carried out a set of experiments to observe and learn the force that an air jet could produce. Encouraged by the results he designed and made a simple hovercraft, which was a plate with a hole in the middle. A fan supplied the airflow through the hole lifting the plate off the ground. This design was far from optimal. The pressure of the fan was not used efficiently and obstacles in the surface were a problem. After this first design, the hovercraft has undergone a lot of development. British government provided funding for the development of hovercrafts because they saw possibilities to use it for military purposes. In 1959, the first hovercraft prototype crossed the English Channel. In 1962, a passenger service by hovercraft began. The largest passenger hovercraft in the world is used for the Dover to Calais crossing. It can carry 380 passengers and 40 cars. It can attain a speed of 70 mph (mile s per hour), which makes it one of the prompt ferries in the world 9.In a research paper the reason, Michael McPeake discussed about the history of the hovercraft in 2004. The root discussed the very early hovercraft used named SR.N1. This hovercraft was considered the first real craft because most of the other hovercrafts at that time resembled the planes. The skirt size used on this model was 6 inches long and later to enhance the speed they shortened the skirt size to 4.5 inches and converting to gas turbine engines hence this doubled the speed of the hovercraft. In the book written by R. M. W. Sanders, the author used Electro Cruiser, an amphibious hovercraft as his experimental model. In order to analyze the hovercraft model, the author derived a dynamical model of the hovercraft with the newbornton-Euler method. The author only conducted the simulation study and not tested the controller strategy with the real hardware 9.The U.S Naval Army used the hovercraft in Vietnam. F or two years, they used hovercraft against the Vietnamese guerrillas and for ground combat. The hovercraft model they used named SR-5. After the war, the last SK-5 became a showpiece at museum 9.At the University of Moratuwa, a project was carried out in which they made a testbed to analyze the potential capabilities of a hovercraft 10. The students at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also have made a hovercraft testbed for Cooperative control 11.From the study of paper Comparison between PID And Fuzzy Controllers Used In Mobile Robot Control, where a comparison has been performed between the concerned controllers, it is known that the main issue in the fuzzy controller is that it takes a longer time for computation as compared to the PID controller. The reason for this interrupt is due(p) to the fuzzification of the inputs, calculation of the experiment through inference and defuzzification of the outputs 12.In paper Amphibious hovercraft course control based on support sender machines adaptive PID, adaptive PID controller based on support vector machines (SVM) is employ in the course control of a hovercraft, but no comparison was performed using other controllers. This control technique demonstrates that the controller designed accomplishes high dynamic and enduring exhibitions, which brings another viable technique to take concern of the issue of air cushion vehicle course control 13.Other techniques like flatness based approach, dynamic feedback control and neural networks are applied as supplementary controllers to aid the PID controller by refining the forces against the turmoil 14.Fuzzy Logic has been applied in the paper Fuzzy logical thinking as a control problem, but no hardware experimentation has been performed. Fuzzy logic is commonly used for characterizing human speech terms into numeric expressions for the controlling of a system. The steps taken to form the optimal rules for this logic are rather time consuming. Despite this dr awback, this controller operates better than PID controllers due to their non-linear functions, which therefore lead to infinite advantages 15.Although many comparisons have been performed over the years between PID and Fuzzy Controllers. The goal of this bachelor project is to set up a feedback controlled laboratory hovercraft using NI myRIO as a real-time controller. Apart from control, designing the electrical and mechanical system for this hovercraft is also a part of the assignment.1V. Abhiram, A Study On Construction and Working Principle of a Hovercraft, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 308-313, 2014.2G. B. G. a. T. N. M. Nafar, Using modified fuzzy particle swarm optimation algorithm for parameter estimation of surge arresters models, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 567-581, 2012.3J. J. Criag, Introduction to Robotics, new-fangled Jersey Mass Addison Wisley, 2004.4M. V. M. W. Spong, Robot Dynamics and Control, New York J.Wiley Sons, 2003.5I. C. J. C. a. C. S. W.H. H. S.H. Chen, Design of stable and Quardratic-Optimal Static Output Feedback Controllers for TS-Fuzzy-Model-Based Control Systems, 8 1, 2012.6K.-S. S. T.-H. S. L. a. S.-H. Tsai, Observer-based adaptive Fuzzy Robust controller with self-adjusted membership functions for a class of uncertain MIMO non-linear systems, International Journal of Innovative Computing and Control, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1419-1437, 2012.7J. Z. P. S. a. Y. Xia, Robust Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control for Fuzzy Systems with mismatched uncertainties, IEEE transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 700-711, 2010.8O. D. a. .. H. H. S. C. Elmas, Adaptive fuzzy logic controller for DC-DC converters, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1540-1548, 2009.9M. McPeake, History of Hovercraft, Ms Giffen Tech High Senior Engineering, New York, 2012.10Project Hovercraft, Department of Mechanical Eng ineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 2014.11First-year engineering students get creative at IEFX Explorations, Urbana-Champaign, 2016. Online. Available www.mechanical.illinois.edu.12N. P. a. O. C. C. Popescu, Comparison between PID And Fuzzy Controllers Used In Mobile Robot Control, Annals of DAAAM Proceedings, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 223, 2011.13Z. L. M. F. a. C. W. X. Shi, Amphibious hovercraft course control based on support vector machines adaptive PID, IEEE International meeting on Automation and Logistics (ICAL), pp. 287-292, 2011.14H. S.-R. a. C. A. Ibanez, The control of the hovercraft system a flatness based approach, IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. Conference Proceedings, pp. 692-697, 2000.15K.-Y. C. a. L. Zhang, Fuzzy cerebrate as a control problem, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 600-614, 2008.

Analysis Of Bps Operational Risk Management Management Essay

Analysis Of Bps Operational gamble prudence focus establishBritish Petroleum PLC (BP), one of the globes largest oil and gas companies, is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It provides its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services for gasoline and petrochemical products for incessantlyyday items (About BP, 2011). The Companys operations primarily include the exploration and production of gas and crude oil, as well as the marketing and trading of natural gas, power, and natural gas liquids. At present, BP employs over 80,000 people and operates in more than 100 countries. It produces approximately 3.8 million barrels of oil per day and has 22,400 service stations worldwide (BP, PLc Swot Analysis, 2010).In 2010, the Company incurred incredible losses from the Deepwater Horizon oil colour Spill Incident in the Gulf of Mexico due to lack of oversight and control of running(a) guesss (McDonald, BP Oil Disaster Breaks Records, Puts S potlight On Risk Management Failure, 2010). The Incident has caused disastrous biological environment, 13 peoples deaths and 17 others injuries (McDonald, BP Oil Disaster Breaks Records, Puts Spotlight On Risk Management Failure, 2010). Immediately after the Incident, the Companys risk forethought practices were investigated. The scrutiny at last led to the dismissal of its CEO, Tony Hayward (McDonald, BP Oil Disaster Breaks Records, Puts Spotlight On Risk Management Failure, 2010).In this deal, we will explore how BP unsuccessfully managed its useable risks prior to the Incident, and the strategic steps that have been taken in order to mitigate the losses and anticipate a similar crisis from happening again.Reasons that Led to bps Exposure to the IncidentAccording to McDonald, the Incident was mainly attributable to the poor operational risk management of the corporate executives who placed a low priority on the safety issues (McDonald, BP Oil Disaster Breaks Records, Puts Sp otlight On Risk Management Failure, 2010). McDonald also mentioned that Hayward appeared to chouse nothing about the front-line operations in the Company (McDonald, BP Oil Disaster Breaks Records, Puts Spotlight On Risk Management Failure, 2010).Furthermore, BPs history of oil crepuscule incidents demonstrated its poor operational risk management in the past years. These previous tragic incidents included the U.S. refinery explosion in 2005 and the Prudhoe Bay oil spills in 2006 and 2007 (Fineberg, 2007). Since the Company continued to ignore the safety issues and risk management even after these incidents, a more serious Incident in the Gulf of Mexico has occurred.Finally, BP failed to shoot the breeze the oil rig on a monthly basis as prescribed in the government regulation (Strickler, 2010). A government inspection report revealed that BPs Deepwater Horizon oil rig had missed 16 inspections in total since January 2005(Strickler, 2010).Financial Losses and Reputational Damage f ollowing the IncidentFollowing the Incident, BP was require to reduce planned capital expenditures and increase asset disposals in order to provide surplus liquidity (BP p.l.c, 2010). Moreover, a total pre-tax charge of $40.9 billion was acknowledge during 2010 (BP p.l.c, 2010). However, BP is still uncertain about the total amount that will ultimately be paid. The Company is currently being charged in a tour of lawsuits that could lead to substantial costs (BP p.l.c, 2010). These costs may include the amount of pending and future claims, the potential expenses of implementing remedies sought in the various proceedings, and the amount of fines ultimately levied on BP (BP p.l.c, 2010).As seen in Appendix A, Moodys Investors Services and Standard Poors have downgraded BPs credit ratings immediately after the Incident. Although there have been slight improvements ever since, the current credit ratings are still lower than they were immediately before the Incident. The lower credi t ratings prompted a large number of investors, who were holding BPs US Industrial Revenue/Municipal bonds, to exercise their option to tender the bonds for repayment (BP p.l.c, 2010). This caused BP a total repayment of $2.5 billion (BP p.l.c, 2010). The lower credit ratings could also delineate the Companys access to unseasoned financing.In addition, the Incident has led to a significant drop in BPs share footing. On June 25 of 2010, the share price went down to the lowest point of $27. 02, as compared to $60.48 on April 23 of 2010, the day of the Incident (BP plc (ADR) (Public, NYSEBP) ).Along with the financial losses, the Incident has damaged BPs reputation, which may have a long-term impact on the Companys ability to build business relationships with new counterparties and access new opportunities (BP p.l.c, 2010). Moreover, the current counterparties, concerned about the additional financial and business risks following this Incident, may require the Company to provide col lateral or other forms of financial security for its obligations (BP p.l.c, 2010).Risk and Liquidity ManagementAfter the Incident, BP has taken preventative measures to mitigate future unexpected events related to poorly-managed operational risks (McDonald, All Road Lead to CEO, 2010). On September 29 of 2010, the new CEO, Bob Dudley, announced a plan to establish a new safety division with sweeping powers to oversee and monitor the Companys operations around the world (BP Creates New Safety and Risk Division, 2010). The new division has been given the authority to intervene in all aspects of BPs technical activities. The divisions experts will be plant in BPs operating units, including exploration projects and refineries. These experts have the responsibility to ensure that all operations are carried out in compliance with government regulations and auditing standards (BP, 2010). In order to further reinforce this new practice, Dudley has requested the head of the safety division to report directly to him so that all information regarding the Companys current operational risk status can be conveyed in a timely manner (McDonald, All Road Lead to CEO, 2010).BP has also reinforced its accountability of risk management by restructuring its exploration and production segment from a single business into three separate endures-exploration, development and production (BP, 2010). This makes it easier for BP to monitor each function separately.To increase available liquidity, BP cancelled the ordinary share dividends in the first three quarters of 2010, secured additional bank lines totaling $12 million and announced its object to sell up to $30 billion of assets (BP p.l.c, 2010).ConclusionPrior to the Incident, BPs executives overlooked the necessity of operational risk management. This made the Company vulnerable to operational risks. Even after the two oil spills between 2005 and 2007, BP still did not take effective measures to improve its risk management practi ces. Fortunately, the problem has finally been recognized by Dudley, who has initiated constructive plans to enforce operational risk management across all divisions in the Company.AppendixAppendix A A comparison of BPs Credit Ratings before and after the IncidentBeforeImmediate AfterCurrentMoodys Investors ServiceAa1 (stable outlook)A2 (negative watch)A2 (stable outlook)Standards PoorsAA (stable outlook)A (negative watch)A (negative outlook)Source BP p.l.c. (2010, December 31). Annual chronicle and Form 20-F 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from BP Global http//www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/set_branch/STAGING/common_assets/downloads/pdf/BP_Annual_Report_and_Form_20F.pdf

Plagiarism :: Plagiarism Essays

I know plagiarism is something that isnt respected, condoned, or excepted in any part of the culture process. Either is it tolerated in any type of assignment. Not only does it steal soul elses plough, it robes yourself of the learning experience you can gain on the assignment. plagiarization by definition is immoral and unethical. Plagiarism is The submission of material authored by a nonher person but represented as the students own work, whether that material is paraphrased or copied in verbatim or near-verbatim form. The submission of material subjected to editorial revision by another person that results in substantive changes in content or study alteration of writing style and improper acknowledgment of sources in essays, papers, or presentations(Sandra Rhoten). Basically passing someone elses work as your own, and trying to get outdoor(a) with it. I understand first hand how easy it is to plagiarism someone elses work. If something is said or written in a way that would p ut your work to shame your instincts tell you must make that work your own somehow. I assume plagiarism has been around since first words were written, so I would depend students who have writing assignments, and find good information would plagiarize to get the best possible. grade. Students must understand you must quote the writer and embellish on the subject. Once your assignment is completed, your instructor would accept the work and note your excellent research skills. You would also be praised by your peers and received the grade you deserve, not what someone else has already earned. The point of documenting sources in academic papers is not just to avoid unpleasant visits to the Deans office, but to demonstrate that you know what is going on in your field of study. Its also a courtesy to your readers because it helps them consult the material youve found. So mentioning what others have said doesnt lessen the credit you get for your own thinkingin fact, it adds to your credi bility(Marg atomic number 18t Proctor-how not to plagiarize). Plagiarism is the lazy students dream, and the hard workers nightmare. I am confident that plagiarism occurs more often than it should because we do not feel confident in our own work, we are constantly being reminded in our society that we must do our best and receive the highest achievements. Plagiarism also occurs because of poor teaching and learning skills, if you do not have complete confidence and knowledge on a particular topic than your only other option is to find the work elsewhere.

case summary of benefits of team work :: essays research papers

Benefits of team extend1.http//nadabs.tripod.com/team/html Author Nada AbiSamra.Teams outperform individuals because teams generate a special energy. This energy develops as team members work unitedly fusing their personal energies and talents to deliver tangible performance results. There are number of benefits for team work. Among them area)Distributing the workloadb)Reinforcing individual capabilitiesc)Creating participation and involvementd) reservation better decisionse)Feeling like we play a part in the work being done.f)Generating a diversity of ideas, etc.2.Publisher HRZone.com Author work on CampbellWork teams are essential to organization success. The following benefits are described briefly.a)Job satisfaction People who prefer group work are more satisfied with group work. b)Higher work group productivity People working in groups are more productive when tasks require working together and when rewards are related to group success. Groups that had both integrated work and members on their team who had a high preference for group work had high productivity even when rewards were not group based.c)Brains and ability higher GPAs Jason D. Shaw, Michelle K. Duffy and Eric Ms. Stark, Interdependence and Preference for Group Work Main and Congruence Effects on the Satisfaction and feat of Group Members, Journal of Management 2000 Vol. 26 No. 2 pp. 259-279 3.Aircraft Maintenance Technology / March 1998 Issue.http//www.greyowl.com/articles/teamwork_article.htmlThis article talks about how teamwork is the foundation in the aircraft industry. How aircraft technicians extradite to depend on co-workers when a new aircraft is being developed and how important it is for them to get along as a team. The article talks about how to be a team player. How teamwork not only creates safety but efficiency.