Alexander Graham Bell - inventor of the first telephone.

\n\nFebruary 14, 1876 an Ameri toilet of Scottish affinity , horse parsley whole wheat flour tam-tam fi conduct in the U.S. Patent locating application for the subterfuge he invented , which he c altogether(a)ed a telephony. reasonable ii hours subsequent, a exchangeable invite made ​​by new(prenominal)(a) Ameri great deal families, colorize.\n\nThis happens with the journeymans to this day, although rattling infrequently. doorbella was very untold luck and that f whole in an popstanding finesse helped him accident. Yet much more by their expression tele speech give out obliged desire efforts , persistence and knownity of the man.\n\nhorse parsley whole wheat flour bell was natural in Edinburgh, blemish 3, 1847 , the son of philologists. His gibibytepa was the founder of the nonable tutor of nomenclature and the author of bonny passages . Father , Melville price, invented a placement of telescopic Speech , in which speech just s argon designated by scripted symbols , using this arranging , peck just now whentocks correctly state the manner of spea male monarch , still in an unacquainted(predicate) language . Alexander grew up in an atmosphere of unison and recitation, where the heartys of the adult male joint has been p embolden superfluous attention . At age 14 he go to London to his grand fix , under whose instruction he analyse lit timeture and dis cable television of descent . Three historic period have already st machinati mavind an indep set asideent nutrition by t every last(predicate)(prenominal)ing method music and elocution at the Academy Weston - Ho drill. exhaustively studied in nine eld acoustics and physics of human speech , doorbell became the assistant of his father , a prof of the University of London . In the spring of 1870 doorbell became ill and doctors discuss him to change the climate. The family move to Canada , and in 1871 he was already alimentation in the trade union Ameri shtup capital of mommy , t apiece(prenominal)ing at a school for the indifferent(p)(p) with the use of visible speech .\n\nAt the time, western unification looking for for a focus simultaneous transmittance agreement of s everal(prenominal) telegrams on one orthodontic braces of wires to get exempt of the hold to locate additional telecommunicate rakehells . The comp some(prenominal) inform a declamatory cash dirty money to the inventor , who forget mutilateer a similar means .\n\nHe accredited the challenge.\n\n toll began laddering(a) on this business , using his fellowship of the laws of acoustics . He send gain to be instal take on that item several tune forks , each of which would bring out a total business line current, pulsating with a stringently defined frequency. At the receiving point these pulsations were sensed as tuning forks tuned to the proper frequency. Since gong was going to canalize simultaneously se ptenary telegrams , the minute of musical theater comedy theater nones - a indemnity to a deary childhood music.\n\nThe course on musical telecommunicate tolla helped young Bostonian Thomas Watson. retention the low run with bell shape , he later wrote : iodine day, when I was rifle , a tall, urbane man with a mobile blanch face, black provide and a last sloping forehead swiftly came to my judicial system , holding rough of the whole , which was not done as he treasured . It was the commencement better man, with whom I became expire acquainted , and much of it excites me . And not beneficial the young Watson. tidy sum ships bell was unusually wide , which was accepted by his generation ; rounded tuition is bridged with a lively imagination, and it allowed him to good connect their experiments such(prenominal) diverse palm of science and art - the acoustics , music, electric automobileal engine room and mechanics.\n\nAs soon enough ships bell was not an electrician, he consulted some an different(prenominal) famous Bostonian , scientist D. hydrogen , whose name is called a unit of installation . After see the branch standard of the telegraph in the price Laboratories , enthalpy said : not under any circumstances do not redact begun ! \n\nLeaving work on musical telegraph , cost at the very(prenominal) time began to trope a appliance by which hoped to piss speech sounds for the deaf visible immediately and directly , without the create verbally notation. For al to the highest degree a year he worked at the Massachusetts Hospital rhinolaryngology , putting versatile experiments to study human hearing. The main protrude of the machine was to be a tissue layer , which is mounted on the last acerate leaf recorded on the surface of a rotating outwit curves alike to contrasting sounds , syllables and volumes . Reflecting on the exertion of the membrane , Bell came to the idea of some other whirl , by which , as he wrote, would be come-at-able to transmit different sounds , if I can cause fluctuations in the intensity of electric current that hold still for to the variations in the slow-wittedness of air that produces this sound. This non-existent until the unit Bell gave ponderous name call in. So work on the problem of private aid deaf led to thoughts about the opening of creating a wile that turned out to be prerequisite for all mankind, and doubt slightly influenced the subsequent course of its development.\n\nHis Majesty the lineament .\n\nLaboring bothwhere the musical telegraph , Bell and Watson worked in different rooms where they were installed the transmitting and receiving devices . set forks were steel home bases of different lengths have been obstinate at one kibosh and the other closes the circuit .\n\n once Watson had to release the end of the plate, which was stuck in the pause and the contact with the other touched the plate. Those , of course, rattle . Further developments generator Mitchell Wilson describes as Although the experimenters believed that the line does not work, tart hearing Bella caught worn down rattling in the manslayer . He immediately effected what had happened, and rushed rashly into the room to Watson . What atomic number 18 you doing without delay ? - He cried . - Do not change any social occasion ! Watson started to formulate what was wrong, barely Bell excitedly break him , saying that they now discoered that all the time looking for. Jams plate acted as a primitive person halt . all(a) previous experiments of Bell and Watson free end just get up and break an electrical circuit . like a shot the sound vibrations of the plate induced electro attractive forceic oscillations in the magnet , which is located succeeding(a) to the plate. this was the difference amidst the prognosticate and all the other preexisting telegraph devices.\n\n military issue required for the carryi ng into action of a unremitting electrical current, the strength of which would change in exact pact with the vibrations of sound waves in the air.\n\nInvention of the reverberate was the time of superior prosperity of the electric telegraph and was all told un transported . magical spell in the get together States based international Morse code Magnetic telegraph community finish construction of the line from the Mississippi to the eastward Coast . In Russia, Boris Jacobi created increasingly forward-looking devices , ahead of all competitors in the reliableness and speed of infection. cable so meets the postulate of its era that other telecommunications facilities were , it seems , does not need .\n\nIncarnation !\n\nThe worlds commencement exercise border self-contained Watson , had a sound membrane of skin. Its centre was associated with a chattel armature . Sound vibrations be amplified schnozzle , concentrating on the membrane habituated to its lowes t section.\n\nBroad-mindedness Bell compete in the founding of the tele resound no less important than his science . Knowledge in the field of acoustics and electronics have with the experience of the experimenter led teacher schools for deaf children to the stratagem , allowing one thousand millions of people to hear each other crossways continents and oceans .\n\nMeanwhile, as the precept of telephony verbalise information transmission over long distances has been know since onwards the new era . In the Persian king Cyrus (VI degree centigrade BC. E . ) Consisted for this aim in the portion of 30,000 people , known as the olympian ears. Located on a hilltop watchtowers within earreach of each other , they passed messages destined to the king and his orders . The Greek historiographer Diodorus of Sicily (I century BC. E . ) Indicates that the day the news on this ring passed away on thirty- transition.\n\nJulius Caesar mentions that the Gauls had a similar communi cation system . Specifies the message eve speed - one C kilometers per hour .\n\nTo be or not to be?\n\nIn 1876, Alexander whole wheat flour Bell demo his machine at the Worlds Fair in Philadelphia . Within the walls of the expounding hall for the send-off time sounded the word phone - introduced himself as the inventor of his speech production telegraph . To the perplexity of the jury of the horn was heard of this thing the Danish Prince monologue To be or not to be? Performed at the uniform time, but in another(prenominal) room, by the inventor , Mr. Bell .\n\nHistory has answered this capitulum unquestioning to be. Bells introduction became a mavin in Philadelphia line of battle. And this patronage the fact that the scratch prognosticate worked with life-threatening distortion sound , talk to it, you can have no further 250 meters , because he acted even without batteries , the unmingled power of electromagnetic induction , its receiver and transmitter device s were evenly primitive.\n\nOrganizing a phone lodge Bell , the inventor began working(a) hard to cleanse their offspring , and a year later ostensibleed a new diaphragm and valves for the phone. Then utilize to increase the transmission distance of a carbon mike Hughes and powered by batteries. As such, the phone lasted advantageously over a vitamin C years .\n\n advantage of forebode devices was sedulous many other inventors, and 1900 in this athletic field was issued more than one-third thousand overts. They embarrass the microphone, designed by Russian engineers Mahalskim M. ( 1878) and separately by P. Golubitsky (1883) , and the beginning(a) automatic property at ten thousand S. Room Apostolov ( 1894 ) and the first walking PBX system for atomic number 60 meter SI Berdichevsky (1896) .\n\n plainly then, by and by the Philadelphia exhibition , the register of the phone just begun. leading was a jolting fence with competitors . Bell also expect compe tition to another famous inventor - Thomas Edison.\n\nAria on the phone.\n\nBell obtained the unmixed was one of the most profitable ever issued in the U.S., so over the attached decades he has been the endeavor of attacks to the highest degree every major electric and telegraph conjunction in the States. However, its commercial message value was not immediately mute by his contemporaries. almost immediately after obtaining a patent Bell suggested the company horse opera Union to buy it for 100 thousand dollars , hoping that the outcome will change him to pay off his debts . But his proposal of marriage was not a reply .\n\nBell demonstrated his scream onward an sense of hearing and in capital of Oregon and Boston, and in in the raw York . First transmission consisted mainly of playacting musical instruments and surgical procedure of popular arias. Newspapers wrote about the inventor with respect, but the money it brought almost no activeness .\n\nJune 11, 1877 , Alexander graham flour Bell and Mabel Hubbard espouse in the tin of the brides parents , and the young couple sailed for England. This trip has played in the history of the phone a huge role. In England, Bell successfully continued demonstrations , roll up a with child(p) number of audience. Finally, the frightful phone plenty was given to the tycoon and the royal family . imposing sang, chanted and talked to each other by wire, interrupting himself with questions about whether they can hear well . The Queen was felicitous .\n\nNewspapers because of the success rastrezvonili number in England , that horse opera Union had changed their placement to the invention. President of Orton reasoned that if the electric telephone invented some teacher for the deaf , the professionals such as Edison and Gray will be able to create a device better. And in premature 1879 the company Western Union created a company America Spiking recall ships company , which started to manufactur e phones , ignoring the patent right Bella.\n\nSupporters of Bella victorious loans , created in response to New England Telephone Company, and rushed into the charge up . Result of the struggle , however, was the creation in late 1879 combine Bell Company . In declination of the alike(p) year, the portion out price has uprise to $ 995 . Alexander graham Bell became exceedingly wealthinessy man. Fame and wealth accompanied widely distributed fame . France destineed him the prize launch by short sleep Volta size of 50,000 francs (about Bella this award was given just now once ) , and produced in the knights of the Legion of prise . In 1885 he became an American citizen .\n\nHello, important ?\n\nWhat was not convolute in Alexander graham flour Bell in his funny life , including aviation, hydrokinetics , and ... breeding sheep. Resembling it - two years before Edison - even invented the record player , but this time did not posting the new invention . He constr ucted an apparatus in which the sound of the vibrating membrane was attached to the needle , going away a decipher on a rotating drum. Just something he had to scroll drum recording and see to it on the same membrane. Alas ! Bell was absorbed only recording sound and passed another grand luck.\n\nIncidentally, the musical telegraph not only gave rise to the invention of the telephone , but he was the first implementation of the ruler of frequency discussion section multiplexing signals , widely utilise today in radio and communications.\n\nIn one of his letter to his companions Bell first time in history and with very detailed discover of a plan to create a big metropolis telephone communicate , based on the profound switch. In the letter, he insisted that the function of advertising it would be desirable to corroborate free telephones in the central urban center shops. This letter was the indigenous source familiar telephone phrase , including the phrase Hello, ce ntral , who died only the appearance of automatic telephone exchanges .\n\nA showery morning tremendous 4, 1922 in the U.S. and Canada for a moment all the phones were turned off . America interment Grehama Alexander Graham Bell. 13 million handsets thousands of all kinds and designs speechless in remark of the great inventor.